
After a star reaches a certain point, it's easy to forget what they
became famous for and concentrate solely on their persona. Madonna
is such a star. Madonna rocketed to stardom so quickly in 1984 that
it obscured most of her musical virtues.
Appreciating her music became even more difficult as the decade
wore on, as discussing her lifestyle became more common than discussing
her music. However, one of Madonna's greatest achievements is how
she manipulated the media and the public with her music, her videos,
her publicity, and her sexuality. Arguably, Madonna was the first
female pop star to have complete control of her music and image.
Madonna moved from her native
Michigan to New York in 1977, with dreams of becoming a ballet dancer.
She studied with choreographer Alvin Ailey and modeled. In 1979,
she became part of the Patrick Hernandez Revue, a disco outfit who
had the hit "Born to Be Alive." She traveled to Paris
with Hernandez; it was there that she met Dan Gilroy, who would
soon become her boyfriend. Upon returning to New York, the pair
formed the Breakfast Club, a pop/dance group. Madonna originally
played drums for the band, but she soon became the lead singer.
In 1980, she left the band and formed Emmy with her former boyfriend,
drummer Stephen Bray. Soon, Bray and Madonna broke off from the
group and began working on some dance/disco-oriented tracks. A demo
tape of these tracks worked its way to Mark Kamins, a New York-based
DJ/producer. Kamins directed the tape to Sire Records, who signed
the singer during 1982.
Kamins produced Madonna's first single, "Everybody," which
became a club and dance hit at the end of 1982; her second single,
1983's "Physical Attraction," was another club hit. In
June of 1983, she had her third club hit with the bubbly "Holiday,"
which was written by Jellybean Benitez. Madonna's self-titled debut
album was released in September of 1983; "Holiday" became
her first Top 40 hit the following month. "Borderline"
became her first Top Ten hit in March of 1984, beginning a remarkable
string of 17 consecutive Top Ten hits. While "Lucky Star"
was climbing to number four, Madonna began working on her first
starring role in a feature film, Susan Seidelman's Desperately Seeking
Susan.
Madonna's second album, the
Niles Rodgers-produced Like a Virgin, was released at the end of
1984. The title track hit number one in December, staying at the
top of the charts for six weeks; it was the start of a whirlwind
year for the singer. During 1985, Madonna became an international
celebrity, selling millions of records on the strength of her stylish,
sexy videos, and forceful personality. After "Material Girl"
became a number two hit in March, Madonna began her first tour,
supported by the Beastie Boys. "Crazy for You" became
her second number one single in May. Desperately Seeking Susan was
released in July, becoming a box-office hit; it also prompted a
planned video release of A Certain Sacrifice, a low-budget erotic
drama she filmed in 1979. A Certain Sacrifice wasn't the only embarrassing
skeleton in the closet dragged into the light during the summer
of 1985 -- both Playboy and Penthouse published nude photos of Madonna
that she posed for in 1977. Nevertheless, her popularity continued
unabated, with thousands of teenage girls adopting her sexy appearance,
being dubbed "Madonna Wannabes." In August, she married
actor Sean Penn; the couple had a rocky marriage that ended in 1989.
Madonna began collaborating
with Patrick Leonard at the beginning of 1986; Leonard would co-write
most of her biggest hits in the '80s, including "Live to Tell,"
which hit number one in June of 1986. A more ambitious and accomplished
record than her two previous albums, True Blue was released the
following month, to both more massive commercial success (it was
a number one in both the U.S. and the U.K., selling over five million
copies in America alone) and critical acclaim. "Papa Don't
Preach" became her fourth number one hit in the U.S. While
her musical career was thriving, her film career took a savage hit
with the November release of Shanghai Surprise. Starring Madonna
and Sean Penn, the comedy received terrible reviews, which translated
into disastrous box-office returns.
At the beginning of 1987, she
had her fifth number one single with "Open Your Heart,"
the third number one from True Blue alone. The title cut from the
soundtrack of her third feature film, Who's That Girl?, was another
chart-topping hit, although the film itself was another box-office
bomb. 1988 was a relatively quiet year for Madonna, as she spent
the first half of the year acting in David Mamet's Speed the Plow
on Broadway. In the meantime, she released the remix album You Can
Dance. After withdrawing the divorce papers she filed at the beginning
of 1988, she divorced Penn at the beginning of 1989.
Like a Prayer, released in the
spring of 1989, was her most ambitious and far-reaching album, incorporating
elements of pop, rock, and dance. It was another number one hit
and launched the number-one title track, and "Express Yourself,"
"Cherish," and "Keep It Together," three more
Top Ten hits. In April 1990, she began her massive Blonde Ambition
tour, which ran throughout the entire year. "Vogue" became
a number one hit in May, setting the stage for her co-starring role
in Warren Beatty's Dick Tracy; it was her most successful film appearance
since Desperately Seeking Susan. Madonna released a greatest-hits
album, The Immaculate Collection, at the end of the year. It featured
two new songs, including the number one single "Justify My
Love," which sparked another controversy with its sexy video;
the second new song, "Rescue Me," became the highest-debuting
single by a female artist in U.S. chart history, entering the charts
at number 15. Truth or Dare, a documentary of the Blonde Ambition
tour, was released to positive reviews and strong ticket sales during
the spring of 1991.
Madonna returned to the charts
in the summer of 1992 with the number one "This Used to Be
My Playground," a single featured in the film A League of Their
Own, which featured the singer in a small part. Later that year,
Madonna released Sex, an expensive, steel-bound soft-core pornographic
book that featured hundreds of erotic photographs of herself, several
models, and other celebrities -- including Isabella Rossellini,
Big Daddy Kane, Naomi Campbell, and Vanilla Ice -- as well as selected
prose. Sex received scathing reviews and enormous negative publicity,
yet that didn't stop the accompanying album, Erotica, from selling
over two million copies. Bedtime Stories, released two years later,
was a more subdued affair than Erotica. Initially, it didn't chart
as impressively, prompting some critics to label her a has-been,
yet the album spawned her biggest hit, "Take a Bow," which
spent seven weeks at number one. It also featured the Björk-penned
"Bedtime Stories," which became her first single not to
make the Top 40; its follow-up, "Human Nature," also failed
to crack the Top 40. Nevertheless, Bedtime Stories, marked her seventh
album to go multi-platinum.
Beginning in 1995, Madonna began
one of her most subtle image makeovers as she lobbied for the title
role in the film adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Evita. Backing
away from the overt sexuality of Erotica and Bedtime Stories, Madonna
recast herself as an upscale sophisticate, and the compilation Something
to Remember fit into the plan nicely. Released in the fall of 1995,
around the same time she won the coveted role of Evita Peron, the
album was comprised entirely of ballads, designed to appeal to the
mature audience that would also be the target of Evita. As the filming
completed, Madonna announced she was pregnant and her daughter,
Lourdes, was born late in 1996, just as Evita was scheduled for
release. The movie was greeted with generally positive reviews and
Madonna began a campaign for an Oscar nomination that resulted in
her winning the Golden Globe for Best Actress (Musical or Comedy),
but not the coveted Academy Award nomination. The soundtrack for
Evita, however, was a modest hit, with a dance remix of "Don't
Cry for Me Argentina" and the newly written "You Must
Love Me" both becoming hits.
During 1997, she worked with
producer William Orbit on her first album of new material since
1994's Bedtime Stories. The resulting record, Ray of Light, was
heavily influenced by electronica, techno, and trip-hop, thereby
updating her classic dance-pop sound for the late '90s. Ray of Light
received uniformly excellent reviews upon its March 1998 release
and debuted at number two on the charts. Within a month, the record
was shaping up to be her biggest album since Like a Prayer. Two
years later she returned with Music, which reunited her with Orbit
and also featured production work from Mark "Spike" Stent
and Mirwais, a French electro-pop producer/musician in the vein
of Daft Punk and Air. The year 2000 also saw the birth of Madonna's
second child, Rocco, who she had with filmmaker Guy Richie; the
two married at the very end of the year. ~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine,
All Music Guide
Madonna
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